Page 20 - Pazhwak
P. 20
ﻪﻠﺗﮐ ﻭ ﻰﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻯﻻﺍﻭ ﻯﺎﻬﻧﺎﻣﺭﺁ ﻯﺍﺩﻧ ۀﺩﻧﻫﺩ ﺱﺎﮑﻌﻧﺍ ﺕﻳﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ (( کﺍﻭژﭘ )) ﺹﻠﺧﺗ ﺏﺎﺧﺗﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺭﺧﻻﺎﺑ ﻭﺩﻳﺯﮔ
. ﺩﻳﺩﺭﮔ ﻯﺭﺷﺑ
ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺷ ﺭﻭ ﺷﮐ ﺕﺍﺭﺷﻧ ﺕﻧﻳﺯ ﻭ ﺏﻳﺯ ﻯﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻭﺗﺷﭘ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻭﺩ ﺭﻫ ﺭﺩ کﺍﻭژﭘ ﻥﻣﺣﺭﻟﺍﺩﺑﻋ ﺩﺎﺗﺳﺍﺭﺎﻌﺷﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﻳﮑﭼ
. ﺩﺭﮐ ﺏﺳﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻯﺩﻧﻣﺟﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﻧﺩﻳﺩﺭﮔ ﻭﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻧﻣﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻭﺩ ﻪﻣﻫًﺍﺩﻌﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻌﺷ ﻡﺎﻘﻣ
ﻭ ﺩﻳﺩﺭﮔ ﻑﻳﻅﻭﺗ ﻥﺩﻧﻟ ﻡﻳﻘﻣ ﻰﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﻯﺍﺭﺑﮐ ﺕﺭﺎﻔﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﻭﺗﻠﮐ ﻭ ﻰﺗﺎﻋﻭﺑﻁﻣ ﻪﺷﺗﺍ ﺙﻳﺣﺑ ١٩٤٦ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ کﺍﻭژﭘ ﺩﺎﺗﺳﺍ
ﺎﺟﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ،ﺩﺷ ﺎﻧﺷﺁ ﮏﻳﺗﺎﻣﻭﻠﭘﻳﺩ ﻪﺣﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭ ﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ . ﺕﺧﺍﺩﺭﭘ ﺭﻭﺷﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻁﻣ ﻭﺭﻔﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺳﺧﻧﺭﺎﺑ ﻯﺍﺭﺑ
. ﺩﻳﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﺭﺷﻧﺑ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﻭﺗﺷﭘ ﮥﻳﻋﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﻰﻓﺭﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺳﻳﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺑ ﻯﺭﺎﺛﺁ
ﻩﺭﺑﻧﺩﺍ ﻰﺗﺳﺭﻭﻳﻧﻭﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻠﻣﻟﺍ ﻥﻳﺑ ﺕﺎﺑﺳﺎﻧﻣ ﻭ ﻡﺯﻳﻟﺎﻧﺭﻭژ ﻪﺗﺷﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﺧ ﺕﻼﻳﺻﺣﺗ ،ﺕﻳﺭﻭﻣﺎﻣ ﻥﻳﻣﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻁ ﺭﺩ ﻯﻭ
. ﺩﺭﺑ ﺵﻳﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻧﻠﺗﺎﮑﺳ
ﻥﻳﺑ ﺭﺗﻓﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻁﺍ ﻪﺑﻌﺷﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻭﻣﻧ ﻰﻔﻌﺗﺳﺍ ﺵﻳﻭﺧ ﻪﻔﻳﻅﻭﺯﺍ ،ﺕﺭﺎﻔﺳ ﻡﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻅﻧ ﻑﻼﺗﺧﺍ ﺯﻭﺭﺑ ﺭﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ کﺍﻭژﭘ ﺩﺎﺗﺳﺍ
ﻰﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻔﺳﺭﺩ ﻰﺗﺎﻋﻭﺑﻁﻣ ﻪﺷﺗﺍ ﺙﻳﺣﺑ ، ﺕﻣﺩﺧ ﻝﺎﺳﮑﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻌﺑ ( ١٩٤٧ ) ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ . ﺩﺷ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻝﻣﺎﺷ ﺭﮔﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻰﻠﻠﻣﻟﺍ
. ﺩﻳﺩﺭﮔ ﻑﻳﻅﻭﺗ ﻥﺗﮕﻧﺷﺍﻭ ﻡﻳﻘﻣ
ﺩﻳﺩﺭﮔ ﻝﻳﺩﺑﺗ ﻥﺩﻧﻟ ﻡﻳﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻔﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻯﺭﻭﺗﻠﮐ ﻭ ﻰﺗﺎﻋﻭﺑﻁﻣ ﻪﺷﺗﺍ ﺙﻳﺣﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﻭﺩ ﺎﺟﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ( ١٩٥٠ ـ ١٩٤٨ ) ﻯﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ ﻥﻳﺑ
ﻯﺭﭘﺳ ﻰﻣﺳﺭ ﻪﻔﻳﻅﻭ ﻥﺗﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﻭﺩﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻰﺗﺩﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻣﻧ ﺕﺷﮔﺭﺑ ﻥﻁﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺷ ﻰﻔﻌﺗﺳﻣ ﺯﻳﻧ ﻪﻔﻳﻅﻭ ﻥﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻰﺗﺩﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻌﺑ ﻰﻟﻭ
. ﺩﻳﺩﺭﮔ ﻑﻳﻅﻭﺗ ﻪﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺭﺩ ( ١٩٥٣ ) ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﮐ
ﻰﻣﻭﻣﻋ ﺕﻳﺭﻳﺩﻣ ﻡﺎﻘﻣ ﺯﺍﺭﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻓﺅﻣ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻑﻠﺗﺧﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﻌﺷ ﺭﻭﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻰ ﮕﺗﺳﻳﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺕﻗﺎﻳﻟ ﺯﺍﺭﺑﺍ ﺭﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ کﺍﻭژﭘ ﺩﺎﺗﺳﺍ
.( ١٩٥٨ ـ ١٩٥٥ ) ﺩﻳﺩﺭﮔ ﻰﺳﺎﻳﺳ
، ﻰﻠﻠﻣﻟﺍ ﻥﻳﺑ ﻭ ﮏﻠﺳﻧﻣ ﺭﻳﻏ ﮏﻟﺎﻣﻣ ﻯﻭﻘﻁﻧﻣ ﻯ ﺎﻬﺳﻧﺍﺭﻔﻧﮐ ﻪﻣﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺳﻧﺍﻭﺗ ﺕﻳﻣﻫﺍ ﺭﭘ ﻡﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﻳﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺣﺍﺎﺑ کﺍﻭژﭘ ﺩﺎﺗﺳﺍ
ﻥﻳﻟﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺕﺋﻳﻫ ﻥﻣﺿ ﻯﻭ ﺕﻳﻭﺿﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻪﻠﻣﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﻳﮕﺑ ﻡﻬﺳ ، ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﻪﺗﺳﺟ ﺭﺑ ﻩﺩﻧﻳﺎﻣﻧ ﺙﻳﺣﺑ
ﺩﺷ ﻪﺗﺷﺍﺫﮔ ﺎﺟﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ کﻼﺳﻧﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﺿﻬﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻪﮐ ( ١٩٥٥ ) ﺎﻳﺯﻳﻧﻭﺩﻧﺍ ﮓﻧﻭﺩﻧﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﮏﻠﺳﻧﻣ ﺭﻳﻏ ﮏﻟﺎﻣﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺳ ﺱﻧﺍﺭﻔﻧﮐ
. ﺩﺭﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ،ﺩﺷ ﻪﺗﺧﺎﻧﺷ ﻥﺁ ﺱﺳﺅﻣ ﻭﺿﻋ ﺙﻳﺣﺑ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎ ﻐﻓﺍﻭ
ﻝﻠﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﻰﻣﻳﺍﺩ ﻩﺩﻧﻳﺎﻣﻧ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺑﮐ ﺭﻳﻔﺳ ﺙﻳﺣﺑ ًﺍﺩﻌﺑﻭ ﺭﺎﺗﺧﻣ ﺭﻳﺯﻭ ﺙﻳﺣﺑ ﺍﺩﺗﺑﺍ ( ١٩٥٨ ) ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ کﺍﻭژﭘ ﺩﺎﺗﺳﺍ
. ﺩﺷ ﻡﺍﺯﻋﺍ کﺭﺎﻳﻭﻳﻧ ﻪﺑﻭ ﻥﻳﻳﻌﺗ ﺩﺣﺗﻣ
ﻡﮐ ﺕﻳﺎﻔﮐ ﻭ ﺕﻳﻠﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻯﻭ . ﺩﺭُﺑ ﺵﻳﭘ ﻯﺭ ﻳﮕﻣﺷﭼ ﻯﺎﻬﺗﻳﻘﻓﻭﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻰﺳﺭﮐ ﻥﻳﺍ ﻑﻳﺎﻅﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻩﺩﺭﺎﻬﭼ ً ﺎﺑﻳﺭﻘﺗ ﺕﺩﻣ ﻯﺍﺭﺑ ﻯﻭ
ﺩﺣﺗﻣ ﻝﻠﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺎﻣﺗﻋﺍ ﻝﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺷﺧﺭﺩ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﻬﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻰﮑﻳ ﺙﻳﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺷﻧ ﺩﻭﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻰﻠﻠﻣﻟﺍ ﻥﻳﺑ ﺭﻭﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻯﺭﻳﻅﻧ
ﺯﺍ ﺯﻳﻧ ﻯﺭﮕﻳﺩ ﺩﺩﻌﺗﻣ ﻭ ﻡﻬﻣ ﻑﻳﺎﻅﻭ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺭﻳﺑﮐ ﺭﻳﻔﺳ ﺙﻳﺣﺑ ،ﺕﻳﺭﻭﻣﺎﻣ ﻡﺎﺟﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺭﺟﺭﺩ ﻝﻳﻟﺩ ﻥﻳﻣﻬﺑ ، ﺩﺷ ﻪﺗﺧﺎﻧﺷ
. ﺩﻭﺑ ﻩﺩﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﭘﺳ ﻯﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺕﻳﻧﻣﺍ ﻯﺍﺭﻭﺷ ﻯﺎﺿﻋﺍ ﺩﻳﺋﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺣﺗﻣ ﻝﻠﻣ ﻰﺷﻧﻣ ﺭﺳ ﻑﺭﻁ
: ﻝﺎﺛﻣ ﺭﻭﻁ
ﻰﺑﻭﻧﺟ ﻡﺎﻧﺗﻳﻭ ﻪﻠﺿﻌﻣ ﻝﺣ ﻯﺍﺭﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻪﺗﻳﻣﮐ ﺱﻳﺋﺭ ـ ١
ﺩﺣﺗﻣ ﻝﻠﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳﺭﻭﺷﻧﻣﺭﺑﺭﻅﻧ ﺩﻳﺩﺟﺗ ﻪﺗﻳﻣﮐ ﺱﻳﺋﺭ ـ ٢
ﺩﺣﺗﻣ ﻝﻠﻣ ﺭﺷﺑ ﻕﻭﻘﺣ ﻥﻭﻳﺳﻳﻣﮐ ﺱﻳﺋﺭ ـ ٣
ﺎﻳﺑﻳﻣﺎﻧ ﺭﻭﻣﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻣﻭﻣﻋ ﻪﻠﺑﻣﺎﺳﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻪﺳﻠﺟ ﺱﻳﺋﺭ ـ ٤
